First Republic Bank’s Earnings Call Did Not Inspire Confidence

Few things inspire less confidence in investors and analysts than to tell us that you will not be giving earnings guidance about the future and that you will not be taking any questions. “Given the events of March, we are withdrawing all previously communicated financial guidance. Please note that there will be no question-and-answer session following our prepared remarks,” said Mike Ioanilli, Vice President and Director of Investor Relations at First Republic Bank’s
FRC
earnings call yesterday. The entire call took about 12 minutes. I cannot recall hearing such a short call since perhaps the financial crisis.

Since before the earnings call, when First Republic’s stock price had risen to $16, it has now declined by almost 21% to $12.68 before the market has even opened. Since March 8, when Silicon Valley Bank’s implosion became apparent, First Republic Bank’s stock has fallen 89%. It is imperative that the bank’s executives come forward and explain to market participants what is its credible plan to turn the bank around. It is in an organization’s crisis like what First Republic is going through, when we really find out what management is really like.

Deposits Plunged

In a matter of a few days in March, First Republic Banks’s funding model has dramatically changed. Yesterday’s earnings release showed that even with $30 billion deposits from America’s largest 11 banks, First Republic’s deposits in the first quarter of 2023 declined almost 41% from the fourth quarter of 2022. While other regional banks lost deposits, the decline at First Republic is far more significant decline than at other regional banks.

To make up for the dramatic loss off deposits, First Republic significantly increased its short-term borrowings and loans from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and Federal Home Loan Bank Board.

The bank increased its total borrowing by 489% from the last quarter of 2022 and 1,140% in comparison to the first quarter in 2022. In a matter of a couple of weeks, First Bank has gone from having deposits represent 91% of its liabilities to that level now being less than 50%.

This massive change in the bank’s funding has not come cheaply. The bank’s interest expense rose by almost 86%. Unfortunately, due to its poor earnings performance and recent credit downgrades, First Republic’s cost of borrowing is likely to continue rising which means continued pressure on the banks net income.

Earnings

I heard many mixed messages during the earnings call. “We are taking steps to meaningfully reduce our expenses to align with our focus on reducing the size of the balance sheet,” said CEO and President Mike Roffler. While they will likely be able to reduce expenses by decreasing the size of the balance sheet, even more earnings are likely to be sacrificed by selling assets such as loans or securities. And if the bank has to sell some of its held-to-maturity assets, given that many are mortgages and bonds, higher interest rates now will mean that the bank will have to take realized losses.

Roffler also said that management plans to decrease loan balances to correspond with the bank’s reduced reliance on uninsured deposits. “We are doing so by moderating our loan volumes and we are focusing on originating loans to sell in the secondary market.” As soon as I heard “originating loans to sell,” this is a warning signal that we should question whether good underwriting standards will be enforced. I would hope by now that the 2007-2009 financial crisis taught us that when banks originate loans to sell them, they are not worried about borrowers’ credit quality. The risk will not be on the bank’s balance sheet, but risk never disappears. It gets transferred to the investor who buys the securitization backed by those loans.

First Republic’s CEO also announced that management will reduce the workforce by 20% to 25% during the second quarter. This action will also eventually reduce expenses. Yet, it is unclear who exactly will be laid off. If it is the money makers or those who know where the skeletons are buried, these lay-offs also will make it harder for the bank to increase its earnings. And how productive can we realistically expect the other professionals at First Republic to be, as they watch their colleagues clean out their desks? Unfortunately, until management comes out and gives more details about what its plan is, market participants will continue speculating about what is really happening at First Republic.