Federal Reserve Gov. Michael Barr says the biggest challenge for the central bank is to decide how long to keep interest rates high to make sure inflation is tamed.
“In my view, the most important question at this point is not whether an additional rate increase is needed this year or not, but rather how long we will need to hold rates at a sufficiently restrictive level to achieve our goals,” Barr said in a Monday speech in New York. “I expect it will take some time.”
The Fed two weeks ago left its benchmark short-term interest rate unchanged at a range of 5.25% to 5.5%. But it also left open the door for another rate hike before year-end if inflation doesn’t slow further toward the Fed’s 2% target.
Barr pointed out that the rate of inflation has slowed quite a bit since he joined the Fed last year. The annual increase in prices decelerated to just under 4% last month from a 40-year peak of 9.1% in 2022.
Barr also said the full effects of higher borrowing costs are still working their way through the economy and are likely to push inflation lower.
At the same time, though, he said the economy has shown surprising resilience and suggested the U.S. might be able to avoid a recession.
“I now see a higher probability than I did previously of the U.S. economy achieving a return to price stability without the degree of job losses that have typically accompanied significant monetary policy tightening cycles,” he said. “However, the
historical record cautions that this outcome could be quite difficult to achieve.”
The Fed’s next step is still unclear. At their meeting in late September, 12 of the Fed’s 19 governors and regional bank presidents predicted one more hike. Seven expect rates to stay at the current level.
Some even think more than one rate hike might be needed. Fed Gov. Michelle Bowman on Monday repeated her view that bank likely needs to “raise rates further” to get inflation fully under control.
Bowman said she was worried that rising oil prices “could reverse some of the
progress we have seen on inflation in recent months.”
Virtually all Fed senior officials have signaled they plan to keep rates high well into next year. The bank’s quarterly economic forecast only sees two rate cuts in 2024 instead of the four predicted just three months earlier.
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